擬星螺屬化石時期：始新世 - 現在
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A Fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy
科學分類
界：
動物界 Animalia
門：
軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：
腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：
鐘螺目 Trochida
總科：
鐘螺總科 Trochoidea
科：
蠑螺科 Turbinidae
亞科：
蠑螺亞科 Turbininae
屬：
擬星螺屬 BolmaRisso, 1826[1]
模式種
Bolma rugosa Linnaeus, C., 1767
異名
Astralium (Bolma) Risso, 1826
Bolma (Ormastralium) Sacco, 1896 - alternate representation
Galeoastraea Habe, 1958 (not available)
Hirasazaea Habe, 1958 (not available)
† Incilaster Finlay, 1926
† Oobolma Sacco, 1896
† Ormastralium Sacco, 1896
Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908
Senobolma Okutani, 1964
Tubicanthus Swains, 1840
† Tylastralium Sacco, 1896
擬星螺屬（學名：Bolma）是一個包括有中型到大型海螺的一個屬[2]，其物種都有鈣質的螺厴，皆為蠑螺科的海洋腹足綱軟體動物[2]。
化石紀錄[編輯]
本屬物種已知從始新世開始就已經出現到現在（範圍：3390萬年前到現在）。這個物種的化石螺殻曾於以下地區發現[3]：
地中海的：奧地利、塞浦路斯、法國、希臘、意大利、摩洛哥、斯洛伐克及西班牙
太平洋的：日本、瓦努阿圖、關島、新西蘭、澳大利亞及湯加。
印度洋的：南非
型態特徵[編輯]
本物種的舌齒的中央齒have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.
The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral.[4]
分佈[編輯]
This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).
物種[編輯]
截至2018年3月5日 (2018-03-05)[update]，本屬現時在WoRMS紀錄有45個物種[2]：
Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
黃金蠑螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913
Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
布氏擬星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011
Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969)
Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009
雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861)
Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) †
細粒蠑螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)
榮光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879)
Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986
Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009
Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) †
Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005
Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992
Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985
Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998
Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983
塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蠑螺
Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001
Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
紅沙蠑螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)
Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)
Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004
Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973)
Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
泰勒氏蠑螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964)
異名
Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：為Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的異名。
Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：為Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的異名。
Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：為Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的異名。
Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：為Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的異名。
Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：為Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的異名。
Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：為Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的異名。
下列物種也列在印度洋-太平洋軟體動物數據庫中[5]
'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925)
Bolma persica
參考文獻[編輯]
^ Risso A. (1826). H.N. Europe 4: 117.
^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bolma Risso, 1826. WoRMS. 2017-03-17 [2018-03-08].
^ Bolma Risso 1826 (snail). Paleobiology Database. [2018-03-11].
^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. [2018-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-11）.
^ OBIS : Bolma. [2018-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-08）.
Risso, 1826, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, 4: 117
Sacco, 1896, I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 21: 19
Schepman, 1908, Siboga Expeditie, 49a: 27
Finlay, 1926, Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57: 367, 373
Beu A. G. & Ponder W. F. (1979). A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32 (1): 1-68[永久失效連結]
Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592
Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245.
外部連結[編輯]
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：擬星螺屬
Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2009-10-13)[1][永久失效連結]
Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
分類單元識別碼
維基數據: Q3168347
維基物種: Bolma
ADW: Bolma
AFD: Bolma
BOLD: 81524
CoL: 7NQVQ
EoL: 2568060
EPPO: 1BOLMG
GBIF: 2293144
iNaturalist: 359087
IRMNG: 1279463
ITIS: 331219
NBN: NHMSYS0021191384
NCBI: 216126
NZOR: 087e25fc-bfcc-4b5e-9989-f0fc13a5c809
OTL: 83914
WoRMS: 138603